The thesis of the higher diploma student, Ali Fouad Rashid, specializing in laser applications / general surgery, was discussed for his entitled thesis:
Evaluation of 1470nm diode laser used in Haemorroidoplasty
The discussion committee consisted of the professors whose names are listed:
1- Instruct. Dr. Jawad Abdul Kadhim Hasan/ PhD-Laser/ Laser Applications in Electronic Engineering and Communications/ Institute of laser for Postgraduate Studies/ University of Baghdad/ Chair Person
2- Dr. Murdoch Sami Abd Ali / Consultant / Laser Diploma / Medicine and General Surgery / Ministry of Health / Yarmouk Teaching Hospital / Member
3- Dr. Ahmed Walid Ibrahim / Consultant / Laser Diploma / Medicine and General Surgery / Ministry of Health / Yarmouk Teaching Hospital / Supervisor
Where the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a diode laser (1470 nm) used in anal hemorrhoid surgery of the second, third and fourth degrees, and to evaluate the side effects or complications as a result of this use.
The thesis included the use of a pulsed diode laser with a wavelength of 1470 nm, with an output power of 8 watts, with pulse duration of  3 seconds, with a 0.6 second pause for each pulse, with an exposure rate of 5-6 pulses for each fistula, and using local anesthesia by the method of pudendal blockage. (Pudendal nerve block)
Hemorrhoids are a common anal problem around the world, affecting many people every year. It has a high infection rate. The veins in anal hemorrhoids are found naturally in the human body. When these veins expand, they become a disease called hemorrhoid disease. Squeezing during defecation works on the congestion of these veins and accelerates the occurrence of hemorrhoids.
Symptoms and complaints include bleeding, exudation, itching, pain, and loosening symptoms.
Hemorrhoids are outside the anus. In most cases, the surgeon intervenes in the event of failure of conservative treatment or the occurrence of pathological complications such as blood clots. The conventional treatment for hemorrhoids is surgical removal. In these operations, severe pain occurs in the operation area, and some other complications may occur.
Laser treatment is a common alternative method for treating hemorrhoids, where the laser is used to eradicate or stop the blood flow of anal hemorrhoids, where the laser works to close the small blood vessels, which results in surgical injections without or with little blood, as well as works to close the endings of the superficial nerves, which reduces or it prevents pain after the operation.
In general, the laser works to cut or coagulate the blood or evaporate the tissue and remove it. The correct use of the laser can reduce blood loss, reduce discomfort or pain after the operation, reduce the chance of infection at the operation site, and reduce fibrosis and narrowing of the anus.
All patients underwent hemorrhoid treatment (by blood coagulation method) hemorrhoid surgery using a laser with a wavelength of 1470 nm, and they were followed up in the event of the occurrence of one or more of the complications mentioned in the questionnaire sheet. All the required data were documented in the questionnaire sheet specially prepared for this study. All cases are non-emergency cases and have been selected voluntarily.
In this study, ten cases, all of whom were men, were included with symptoms of second, third, and fourth degree of anal hemorrhoids and all of them underwent treatment using diode laser at the above wavelength. The ages of the patients in this study ranged between (32-65) years, with average of (44.8) years. Cases were evaluated before the operation to record the required data. The medical and surgical history and clinical examination of all cases were carried out and recorded in the questionnaire, and consent was taken to perform the operation.
The results of the study concluded that most of the patients did not suffer from any pain during the operation except for the pain of injecting the anesthetic substance locally. There was mild pain in seven patients (70%) and moderate pain in three patients (30%) in the first week after the operation. As for the serous mucous secretions, five patients (50%) had serous mucous secretions from the operation site that lasted 2-6 days, and no patient had any significant initial bleeding after the operation or bleeding after defecation. No patient was infected or infected. Two patients (20%) had mild urinary retention that was followed conservatively without any catheterization of the bladder. All patients had improvement in preoperative symptoms and disappearance of hemorrhoids except for one patient who had some cutaneous prolapse who had two fourth-degree hemorrhoids. None of the patients required a second session of laser treatment during the follow-up period. No recurrent hemorrhoids were detected
During the follow-up period, this was four weeks of laser hemorrhoidectomy, all patients returned to work within 3-5 days. All patients were satisfied with the results of the operation, despite the minor complications that occurred after the operation. One of the most important recommendations of the letter is that the clinical use of the 1470 nm laser in surgical operations has proven to be useful for daily operations, and it can be considered practical, effective, easy to use, and provides a safe, acceptable and exciting alternative.
An impressive alternative to conventional surgical treatment techniques for hemorrhoids of the second and third degree and the small size of hemorrhoids of the fourth degree.
The researcher obtained a higher diploma with a grade of “excellence” due to his real efforts in preparing the thesis.

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